The advantage of optical fibres over copper wire is that the signal quality does not degrade significantly with the distance carried. The further a signal must travel on copper, the lower the data transmission rate has to be, in order to compensate for the signal degradation. Because of this, it is desirable to maximise the portion of the network which uses fibre.
‘Fibre to the Premises’ (FTTP) describes a system in which an optical fiber is run from the central office all the way to the premises occupied by the subscriber. It is also referred to as Fibre to the Home (FTTH).
‘Fibre to the Cabinet’ (FTTC) describes a system in which the optical network terminates at a telecommunications cabinet serving a neighbourhood, and the signal is then carried a relatively short distance on copper, from the cabinet to the subscriber premises.
Because of the cost and time involved in replacing copper networks with fibre, FTTC can reach a greater number of premises, but FTTP connections, when available, offer much faster connections.